Universal Design and Assistive Technology

Universal Design is a concept that - in a perfect worldbe achieved using large trackballs, a foot mouse, sip
- would enable those students with a disability toand puff devices, and a head controlled mouse.
enter a room and immediately have EQUAL ACCESSElectric eyes can be provided that allow computer
to any and all information. With Universal Design,access and control through limited head movement
assistive technology can be used so that classand even eye blinks.
lessons can be easily completed by everyone• Screen Magnifiers
including those individuals with disabilities who usePersonal computers all have accessibility options
assistive technology.including a zoom feature for someone with low vision.
The following adaptations are everyday examples ofYou can find access on the Control Panel feature of
Universal Design: sliding automatic doors,  largeyour PC. Zoom Text enlarges print for someone with
restroom doorways and stalls,  adjustablelow vision, and Zoom Text with speech also includes
tables,  sidewalk curb cuts, texting,  motiona screen reader. Products from Kurzweil and
lights,  lever handles, and e-books. Each of theseFreedom Scientific also provide screen readers and
examples makes everyone's life easier, not justmagnifiers. Home magnifiers are not only good for
someone with a disability.students, but the technology will help those who do
• Assistive Technology for Hard of Hearing andfine work with their hands. Their hands can be
Deafmagnified onto a monitor so that people can see
For people who are hard of hearing or deaf, atheir knitting, writing, or small detail repairs. Camera
Sorenson service uses remote interpreters via atechnology also makes life more accessible to
videophone. Videophones are free with the Sorensonindividuals with low vision. There are a variety of
service. Individuals may be in one location, and theproducts that enlarge text for someone with low
interpreter may be in another state. Some schoolsvision that can be used on a desk top, are portable,
have CART reporting available to Hard of Hearing andor can be worn on the head for someone with
Deaf students. The CART reporter sits outside amobility disabilities. For example, Flipper uses a camera
class and listens through headphones to make anto project information from the classroom board
exact transcript of the lecture just like a courtonto a personal computer. Jordy is a product worn
reporter. FM systems are also available for individualson the head. Small pocket electronic magnifiers are
who have hearing impairments. FM systems willhelpful when trying to read small print during shopping
amplify the sound from room to room. One personbecause the user can push a button and freeze the
wears a small device with a transmitter, and theimage for easier access to the enlarged print. These
other person wears a receiver. The person with theproducts are available at low vision websites. In
receiver can hear what the other person is saying asaddition, you can get a microscope that is digital. The
if they are next to each other. Assistive Technologyuser hooks it through a computer with special
like FM systems should be available to anyone whosoftware. The computer is then attached to a
visits a museum or enjoys a performance at anprojector, and it enlarges the slide onto a wall or
auditorium or movie theater.table for all to view at once. Math calculators are
• Braille/Tactile Diagramsavailable that use an overhead to project onto the
For someone who is blind, Braille technology iswall.
available in personal computers called PacMates that• Speech-to-Text
allow individuals to take their own notes using a BrailleSomeone who has low vision or hand movement
keypad. Tactile diagrams for science are also availablerestrictions can use a speech-to-text product like
for human anatomy models, cross-sections of theDragon Naturally Speaking, one of Nuance voice
head, brain, nose, mouth, throat, respiratory tract,control products. Nuance voice Controls will allow
heart, digestive system, etc. Tactile maps are alsousers to use voice commands to dictate emails to
available for anyone taking a geography class orBlackberry, to add appointments, and to search the
studying the globe. Textbooks and tests in schoolweb. Sony ICD-SX46 Digital Voice Recorder can be
can be produced in Braille for anyone requesting suchused with Dragon NaturallySpeaking Software. Tablet
services.PCs have a sensitive screen designed to interact with
• E-Texta complementary pen. You can use the pen directly
E-text is now available through many textbook andon the screen like a mouse to select, drag, and open
non-academic publishers. Students who havefiles and can be used in place of a keyboard to
disabilities may qualify for free copies of theirhandwrite notes. Tablet PCs should also have
textbooks from Recordings for the Blind andspeech-to-text technology. Nexus 1 Smartphone has
Dyslexic. The University of Virginia also has thousandsa Speech-to-Text feature as well.
of e-books available to students. Kent State• Text-to-Speech
University has a non-commercial repository forScreen readers are also available for free or
e-book research, and Project Gutenberg has manypurchase, depending upon the product. ReadPlease is
e-books that are free of charge. Google has overa free screen reader for home use that reads text
500,000 e-books that are free access. Mostthat has been cut and pasted to the screen reader
publishers want a "proof of purchase" for collegeon a computer. Students who are blind can use
textbooks before providing an e-text alternativeJAWS to listen to everything on their computer.
version of the book. Kindle, The Nook, and Sony allZoom Text and Magic also have text readers built
have electronic readers for thousands of books, butinto their software. Electronic pens are available also
interested individuals should also check forthat can read notes aloud, scan and store text,
text-to-speech software that will allow them to listentransfer information to PDAs, Smartphones, and
to the book as well as read it.Personal Computers. Some of these pens can also
• Physical Disabilities/Wheelchair Userstranslate English in other languages. The Pulse,
Wheelchair technology and add on systems areSmartpen by Live Scribe lets the user record notes
available for recreational activities like bowling andand then replay the written words by tapping on the
soccer. Paralympic athletes compete in internationalnotes. Notes can be saved to the computer and
paralympic sporting events. In addition, specializedshared as Flash videos, PDF files, or audio files.
wheelchair carts with balloon tires are an option forRegardless of the disability you are facing, today's
riding over sandy beaches. For those people withtechnology will aid you through you day-to-day
limited upper body movement, computer access canchallenges.